Changes in the economic capacity and revenue structure of social nonprofit organizations in Hungary, over the past three and a half decades
Eszter Sipos Nándori
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53585/OnkSzem.2026.3.41-74
Abstract
The study examines the evolution of social nonprofit organizations in Hungary from the 1990 democratic transition to 2024, focusing particularly on shifts in their economic capacity and revenue structures. Drawing on data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) on the nonprofit sector, the analysis traces long-term trends in the number of organizations, total revenues, employment and volunteering capacities, and primary funding sources. The findings indicate that while the economic weight of the social nonprofit sector grew significantly over the long term, the post-2010 period saw a decline in the number of organizations alongside a continuous expansion of revenues and employment capacity. Government funding has remained consistently dominant within the revenue structure; specifically, the rising share of normative statutory funding marks the institutionalization of public service provision. Concurrently, the growth of revenues from core activities reflects the organizations' increasing capacity for self-financing. The post-2010 centralization strengthened the role of central government funding, whereas local government resources declined in importance. Finally, the post-2018 period witnessed a resurgence in the share of private funding and earned income from core activities, granting the sector a degree of economic autonomy.
Keywords: social nonprofit organizations; social policy; revenue structure; public funding; welfare mix

